Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most commonly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Cervical cancer can be detected early through regular screening tests such as Pap smears and HPV tests, and can often be successfully treated if caught early. Treatment options for cervical cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Research in this area focuses on improving early detection methods, developing more effective treatments, and increasing awareness about the importance of vaccination against HPV to prevent cervical cancer.